Respiratory Cloud Clinical Skills Library

Evidence and source review

References

Supporting sources include peer-reviewed research, evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, professional standards, and foundational respiratory care references, as applicable to the skill.

Skill

Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airway (OPA, NPA) Insertion

  1. Kleinman ME, Buick JE, Huber N, et al. Part 7: Adult Basic Life Support: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025;152(16_suppl_2):S448-S478. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000001369. PMID:41122888.
  2. Kim HJ, Kim SH, Min NH, Park WK. Determination of the appropriate sizes of oropharyngeal airways in adults: correlation with external facial measurements. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016;33(12):936-942. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000000439. PMID:26908003.
  3. Nemeth M, et al. Guedel oropharyngeal airway: validation of facial landmark-distances for estimation of appropriate size in children. Resuscitation. 2023;184:109702. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109702. PMID:36702339.
  4. Roberts K, Whalley H, Bleetman A. The nasopharyngeal airway: dispelling myths and establishing the facts. Emerg Med J. 2005;22(6):394-396. doi:10.1136/emj.2004.021402. PMID:15911941.